[100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. The chief executive can take many names including chancellor, prime minister, or premier and the heads of the executive departments can bear different names and be called different things. The economic focus of a dictatorship often depends on the strength of the opposition, as a weaker opposition allows a dictator to extract additional wealth from the economy through corruption.[125]. It was initially aligned with Yugoslavia, but its alignment shifted throughout the Cold War between Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and China. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index has the main regime types of "democracy" and "dictatorship" and three sub-types for each as well. There are many countries that can be considered dictatorships, including North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela. The required majority needed to remove the sitting government varies between countries but is termed a vote of no confidence. Whether or not Putin is a dictator is a matter of some debate. [68] The Spanish American wars of independence took place in the early-19th century, creating many new Latin American governments. The totalitarian dictatorship in the People's Republic of China , from 1949 to the present. One person holds all of the country's power. Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Political scientists such as Juan Jos Linz and Samuel P. Huntington identify key attributes that define the power structure of a dictatorship, including a single leader or a small group of leaders, the exercise of power with few limitations, limited political pluralism, and limited mass mobilization. More complex economies require additional cooperation between the dictator and other groups. Examples of Fascism. The territory of today's Algeria was the home of many prehistoric cultures, including Aterian and Capsian and the, Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country in Southern Africa. What is a Dictatorship? Examples and Characteristics - Study.com Dictatorship Countries 2022 - World Populace Explore a few of the famous ones. Adolf Hitler - WORST DICTATOR. Examples might include King Cyrus the Great of Persia, who is thought to have created the first declaration of human rights, the Biblical King Solomon, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kwan Yue. Elites are also the primary political threats of a dictator, as they can leverage their power to influence or overthrow the dictatorship. Epidemic of First World War After the first world war, countries got disturbed to conduct democratic governments and managements. The African Dictators | Africa Facts 5. Based on a "minimalist" theory of democracy, the index relies on rules regarding the existence of competitive elections. [citation needed]The typical military dictatorship in Latin America was ruled by a junta (derived from a Spanish word . The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. [48], An absolute monarchy is a monarchy in which the monarch rules without legal limitations. [6], The opposition to a dictatorship represents all of the factions that are not part of the dictatorship and anyone that does not support the regime. Dictatorships have shallow levels of freedom. His economic plans have been praised by leaders like Kemal Pasha. [16], Most dictatorships are formed through military means or through a political party. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" China - Communist Regime 4. Therefore, it is impossible to know if the regime is a democracy or a dictatorship, so DD Index considers them dictatorships until an alternation in power occurs. China's constitution calls its government a "people's democratic dictatorship." Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", "Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", Divergent Incentives for Dictators: Domestic Institutions and (International Promises Not to) Torture, "Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion Under Dictatorships", "How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes", "Tyrants and Terrorism: Why Some Autocrats are Terrorized While Others are Not", "Dictatorship: Modern Tyranny Between Leviathan and Behemoth (Version 2.0) (english version)", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716204.001.0001, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictatorship&oldid=1142733963, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. scholarly analysis of Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin and Mao, as well as Kim Il-sung of North Korea; Franois Duvalier, or Papa Doc, of Haiti; Nicolae Ceauescu of Romania; and Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia. The number of countries ruled by military dictatorships began to fall sharply after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. dictatorship country - Alex Becker Marketing Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. Examples include the Personalist/Military dictatorship of Pakistan from 1977 to 1988 and the Single-Party/Military hybrid that controlled El Salvador from 1948 to 1984. If it is not responsible, it is a presidential democracy. As the Cold War went on, the Soviet Union increased its influence in Africa, and MarxistLeninist dictatorships developed in several African countries. [52], Dictatorship is historically associated with the Ancient Greek concept of tyranny, and several ancient Greek rulers have been described as "tyrants" that are comparable to modern dictators. These movements were a response to what they perceived as decadence and societal decay due to the changing social norms and race relations brought about by liberalism. President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. [128]. In the 19th century, settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in. The relations between the countries were strained by Soviet attempts to influence Yugoslavia, leading to the TitoStalin split in 1948. During the first half of the 20th century, dictatorships took control of a number of technologically advanced countries. Repression is the accumulation of state behaviors that target actors who challenge beliefs, institutions, and actions of the dictatorship. This list answers the questions, "What countries are dictatorships?" Imelda Marcos was the wife of Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled over the . Bettmann Archive / Getty Images. [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. Dictatorship - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal Dictionary Various forms of dictatorship have been a context in which social and behavioral sciences (SBS) have been developing through most of the twentieth century. It has a population of approximately 31 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. The phrase "fixed term" indicates the once the head of state is chosen, they serve a known and a limited number of years before another election is held, and they cannot be removed from the office in the meantime via a vote of no confidence. List Of Dictatorship Countries? - The Divine Writer The leader may be supported by a party or military, but still retains the overwhelming majority of power, especially regarding whom to place in which governmental roles, and relies heavily upon their own charisma to maintain control. [50] Monarchies allow for strict rules of succession that produce a peaceful transfer of power on the monarch's death, but this can also result in succession disputes if multiple members of the royal family claim a right to succeed. Zimbabwe - 1980 to present - Robert Mugabe. [104] A one-party communist dictatorship was formed in Cuba when a US-backed dictatorship was overthrown in the Cuban Revolution, creating the only Soviet-backed dictatorship in the western hemisphere. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. However, since they might also give up power willingly, the regime is marked with a type II value to signal potential classification errors where a democratic regime may be falsely classified as dictatorship. [13] After power is seized, the group must determine what positions its members will hold in the new government and how this government will operate, sometimes resulting in disagreements that split the group. The 20th century saw the rise of fascist and communist dictatorships in Europe; fascism was eradicated in the aftermath of World War II in 1945, while communism spread to other continents, maintaining prominence until the end of the Cold War in 1991. Single-party dictatorships are one-party states in which only the party in power is legalized and all opposition parties are banned. One of the reasons for this is the fact that the military often has more cohesion and institutional structure than most of the civilian institutions of society. Mussolini abolished democracy in Italy in 1922 and became a dictator. Far-left and far-right dictatorships used similar methods to maintain power, including cult of personality, concentration camps, forced labour, mass murder, and genocide. The dictatorship of Francisco Franco in Spain , from 1939 to 1975. [84] Other nationalist movements in Europe established dictatorships based on the fascist model. [123] The form of government does not correlate with the amount of economic growth, and dictatorships on average grow at the same rate as democracies, though dictatorships have been found to have larger fluctuations. Modern dictatorships first developed in the 19th century, which included Bonapartism in Europe and caudillos in Latin America. Brion Donal Cinhil Urien Haldane, 25th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1095 to 1120. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. [127], Indoctrination is the inculcation of citizens on specific values and ideas beneficial to the dictatorships needs and desires. Members of the group will typically make up the elites in a dictator's inner circle at the beginning of a new dictatorship, though the dictator may remove them as a means to gain additional power. 10. [105] To maintain power, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet organized Operation Condor with other South American dictators to facilitate cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies and secret police organizations. Kim Il-Sung The first leader of the North Korean dictatorship from 1948 until 1994, he established North Korea as a communist state. Factions or divisions among the elites will mitigate their ability to bargain with the dictator, resulting in the dictator having more unrestrained power. However, many people in long-running dictatorships such as North Korea and Cameroon have never experienced anything else, so living in a dictatorship is much less jarring and shocking to them. Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time. (Image Wikipedia) Electoral process and pluralism: 0.00. [116] Dictatorships in the Middle East are primarily guided by Islamic nationalism. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. [14], Unless they have undertaken a self-coup, those seizing power typically have little governmental experience and do not have a detailed policy plan in advance. To enact policy, a dictator must either appease the regime's elites or attempt to replace them. Like the two individuals above, Imelda Marcos gained her power through being the wife of a military dictator. List of countries | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica | Britannica [1]:68 The figures at the left show the results in 1988 and 2008. [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. Many personalist regimes will install open ballots to protect their regimes and implement heavy security measures and censorship for those whose personal preferences do not align with the values of the leader. Most of them are characterized by a single leader with either no party or one that is weak. A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. [98], One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either democracies or dictatorship (authoritarian) countries. The dictator of Italy from 1925 to 1945, Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in 1919. 1. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. They are not even defined terms of art within political science. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). [73] During World War II, Italy and Germany occupied several countries in Europe, imposing fascist puppet states upon many of the countries that they invaded. [64][65][66], Dictatorship developed as a major form of government in the 19th century, though the concept was not universally seen pejoratively at the time, with both a tyrannical concept and a quasi-constitutional concept of dictatorship understood to exist. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. - Quora Answer (1 of 66): I will give the country names as well as who the dictator is. This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. He all but eradicated corruption. [46], The shift in the power relation between the dictator and their inner circle has severe consequences for the behavior of such regimes as a whole. #SOSCuba. A political rival accused Obiang of cannibalism in 2004, but no evidence to support the claim has ever surfaced. During his reign of terror, about 30,000 Haitians are estimated to have been assassinated, while thousands - mostly intelligence fled the country. Kim Jong-Il (1.6 million deaths) Kim Jong-il in 2010. 8. Monarchies may be dynastic, in which the royal family serves as a ruling institution similar to a political party in a one-party state, or they may be non-dynastic, in which the monarch rules independently of the royal family as a personalist dictator. [54], Asia saw several military dictatorships during the post-classical era. If this institution can be effectively controlled by the dictator, it can become avaluable instruments of control over the population. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. Benito Mussolini was the first generally recognised fascist leader. They differ from other forms of dictatorships in that the dictator has greater access to key political positions and the government's treasury, and they are more commonly subject to the discretion of the dictator. North Korea - One man Dictatorship 2. (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets. In fact, most dictators adopt common appellations such as "President" or "Prime Minister", so they must be identified via their actions and policies rather than their title. It is the seventh largest country in Africa, and is bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean and Luanda is its capital city. 10 African countries That are currently ruled by dictators. Syria - Well, it depends. As you can see, fascism was at its highest popularity during the 1930's. 1. [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. [11][12] He describes totalitarian regimes as exercising control over politics and political mobilization rather than merely suppressing it. Therefore, the entire country operates on the whims of that one person. The DD index first classifies the regimes into two types: democracies and dictatorships. Political control is any tactic through which the state seeks to gain compliance from society. Poverty has a destabilizing effect on government, causing democracy to fail and regimes to fall more often. Below are 10 African country that are still under dictatorship. [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. Rwanda - 1994 to present - Paul Kagame. There are currently 22 dictators in Africa, some worse than others. Myanmar has been thrown into the darkness of the military dictatorship once again as this morning, the military junta arrested "The daughter of democracy" Aung San Suu Kyi and reinstated the military rule. Key dictators from 20th century Latin America The Freedom in the World report evaluates the state of freedom in 195 countries and 14 territories, assigning a score between 0 and 4 in a series of 25 indicators to give a final score of 100. [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. The 20th century also saw the rise of personalist dictatorships in Africa and military dictatorships in Latin America, both of which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. The head of state may be unelected and still be classified as a democracy. Military dictatorship: 2. Top 10 Worst Dictators In The World In 2023 - TopTen Famous Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. Coercive distribution comprises of distributing welfare and state resources to control citizens and elites. [140] Elections are also used to control elites within the dictatorship by requiring them to compete with one another and incentivizing them to build support with the populace, allowing the most popular and most competent elites to be promoted in the regime. Today, there are only five communist states, some of which are struggling to hold on to communism. Africa has several long-standing dictators despite the fact that the continent as a whole is quite volatile politically. [143], In the 20th century, most dictatorships held elections in which voters could only choose to support the dictatorship, with only one-quarter of partisan dictatorships permitting opposition candidates to participate. [1], The dictator exercises broad power over the government and society, but other individuals are necessary to carry out the dictator's rule. Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. They are ruled by one-party or military dictatorships, religious hierarchies, or autocrats. If it is, then a further distinction is made between democracies where the head of state is popularly elected and those where the head of state is not popularly elected. [76][77] The Russian Revolution inspired a wave of left-wing revolutionary movements in Europe between 1917 and 1923, but none saw the same level of success. Dictators typically retain their power by silencing any opposition to their rulings and guidelines. In personalist dictatorships, the elite corps are usually made up of close friends or family members of the dictator, who typically handpicks these individuals to serve their posts. Nations with a legacy of military dictatorship (s) In Africa Algeria (1965-1994) Burkina Faso (1966-1991) Burundi (1966-1993) Central African Republic (1966-1993) Chad (1975-1991) Congo-Brazzaville (1968-1992) Equatorial Guinea (1968-1982) Ethiopia (1974-1991) Gambia, The (1994-1997) Guinea (1984-1991) Ghana (1966-1969; 1972-1979; 1981-1993) Organized opposition is a threat to the stability of a dictatorship, as it seeks to undermine public support for the dictator and calls for regime change. [51] In the modern era, absolute monarchies are most common in the Middle East. Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. Hybrid dictatorships: What it's like to live under a Dictatorship. Dictatorships can be formed by a military coup that overthrows the previous government through force or by a self-coup in which elected leaders make their rule permanent. 1. the dictatorship of the proletariat had to be preserved in the socialist countries to assure that the reeducated minds of the workers already lucky enough to live under socialism were not re-infected by capitalist ideas coming in from outside the people's collectivist . Interestingly, most modern dictatorships do not use the term "dictator" to. When the war ended, these countries were incorporated into the Soviet sphere of influence, and the Soviet Union exercised control over their governments. Many countries today are still under a dictatorship, including: Cambodia China North Korea Russia And many more! [74] The Bolsheviks consolidated power by 1922, forming the Soviet Union. Right now, 74% families are homeowners. Current Heads of State & Dictators - Planet Rulers, President Faustin Archange Touadera of the, President Flix Tshilombo Tshisekedi of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, President Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of the Congo, President Teodoro Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, President Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan of. After the recent death of Idriss Deby in April 2021, his son Mahamat Deby took over. Through the ages, Algeria, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. W; Alphabetical list of countries; Alphabetical list of countries. Like most dictators, they also often employ secret police and violence to silence critics. A dictator has the ability to make decisions that will have an impact on the people in many ways, and the worse part is, the people do not consent to being ruled. 8 Current Dictators as of 2018 - The Borgen Project Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. Preference falsification, Internal politics, data scarcity, and restriction of media are just a few examples of the dangers of a personalistic authoritarian regime. List of Cons of Dictatorships. [126] For dictatorships, societal compliance is necessary for the ruling entity to maintain its desired order, laws, revenue, and policies. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders - YouTube [81] These reforms incorporated totalitarianism, fealty to the state, expansionism, corporatism, and anti-communism. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. The list of Dictatorship countries in Africa includes Nigeria and Zaire. Some countries, such as Sweden, instead charge another person entirely with choosing the head of government, such as the presiding officer of the legislative assembly. [138] A study found that dictatorships that engage in oil drilling are more likely to remain in power, with 70.63% of the dictators who engage in oil drilling still being in power after 5 years of dictatorship, while only 59.92% of the non-oil producing dictators survive the first 5 years. The premise of the "people's democratic dictatorship" is that the Chinese Party of China and the state represent and act on behalf of the people, but possess and may use powers against reactionary forces. Some of the most famous dictators in history include, of course, Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Nazi Germany from 1933-1945, Benito Mussolini, ruler of fascist Italy from 1922-1945, and Joseph Stalin,. In the latter half of the 20th century, Latin America witnessed a rise in authoritarian regimes across the expanse of the regionoften with multiple dictators following different political . Current Dictators - List of World Dictators From 2015-2022 - Planet Rulers In the last six years alone, at least 26 African countries have experienced transfers of power. Ruling parties allow a dictatorship to more broadly influence the populace and facilitate political agreement between party elites.
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