Confusion is our enemy, not our friend.Another tremendously helpful blog post. In this case we only have either C or T (and this produces 2 different alleles for gene XYZ).These are short repeated sequences. Should I upgrade to more markers or do SNP testing?I have already taken a Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) STR test. One segment of your DNA might look like this:If this is what the standard or reference sequence for your haplotype (your personal DNA results) or your family haplogroup (ancestral clan) looks like, then a mutation would be defined as any change, addition, or deletion.
Hopefully we’ll discover those with similar yDNA matches who also determine our geographic origin. Warren Hargrave is identified as J-M172 and Glen Hargrave is identified as R-L48.

I am interested in conducting a test for my family including my son, wife and myself for matching, health and ancestry. While STRs are strands of dna that differs between individuls.But if there are enough SNPs (i.e. This makes a SNP less discriminatory than an STR and multiple SNP's are needed to study genetic variation.

For example, AGTAAGTAAGTA is three repeats of the sequence AGTA.
And then, as you did, provide the explanation.Thanks Vince, I found your explanation very helpful. If you utilize the actual SNP tested, like M269, that will be the same between vendors.I thought I understood the first three sentences – they sounded like a “no you cant'”. It only takes a minute to sign up.I thought that these were just different format of the same data.But it seems there isn't a way to convert SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) data to STR (short tandem repeat) data. Who should I contact?When comparing genetic distance between people, which is more important to look at SNPs or STRs?I also tested at another company. Current Y-SNPs appear to have limited value for ethnic differentiation in U.S. populations(with the exception of M2 that is only found in African Americans and not in Caucasians) Forensic Utility 51 Y-SNPs versus 1 Y-STR. In other words, what is most common, A to G, A to T, or A to C?– A (a purine) normally bonds with T (a pyrimidine).With this in mind, is it more common for a point mutation to involve:(1) – A change in the purine on the measured strand, from A to G, so that the pyrimidine on the complementary strand goes from T to C simultaneously? Both had 2 nucleotides removed and 2 added.The good news is, as a consumer, that you don’t really need to know this, not at this level.

I understand autosomal results are expected to have both same (AA, GG, TT, CC) and mixed (AG, AT, AC, CT, CG, GT) base readings because there are two chromosomes, one from each parent, whereas any particular Y-DNA reading should always be the same base, since a man only has one Y chromosome. What about when you see CG for a Y-DNA result, for example, instead of CC or GG? Once they happen, they seldom change back (.An STR is a short tandem repeat. I have children, and grandchildren – I fully understand multiple things happening at once. When they change, it is an increase or decrease in the number of repeats. It happens frequently BECAUSE of the poly-G and poly-GT repeats trip up the molecular copy machinery just as in STRs. And then, of course, it looks like an extra TG has been added. So Roberta tried to clarify.Now to address your comment. Furthermore SNPs are considered “once in a lifetime,” or maybe better stated, “once in the lifetime of mankind” type of events, known as a UEP,This was a pretty good explanation for a long time but as sequencing technology has improved and new tests have become available, such as the,Each subclade has a SNP all its own. Now George Hargrave is identified on 23 and Me as J2A1.

| DNAeXplained – Genetic Genealogy,Big Y-500 STR Matching | DNAeXplained – Genetic Genealogy,Y DNA: Step-by-Step Big Y Analysis | DNAeXplained – Genetic Genealogy. So, in essence, the answer is that you really can’t utilizing haplogroup names, like R1b1a2, for example. The problem is that men who aren’t related in thousands of years share haplogroups. Let me say this another way – even if they do match at the lowest level haplogroup, and even if you were able to figure it out – it would NOT mean they are from the same line genealogically. What more can it show me?If Y-chromosome haplogroups change, does that mean my results are wrong or inconclusive?What was the first version of the Y Chromosome Consortium’s phylogenetic tree?When should I take a Y-DNA haplogroup test?On the Y-DNA – Haplotree page, what do the letters and numbers in the Haplogroup Information box mean?On Public Project Websites, why are some haplogroups shown in red? It is reasonable, but wouldn't that be represented as corresponding SNP insertions and deletions?Could you please make an STR example for multiple individuals, like you did for SNP?What is the difference between SNP and STR?Goodbye, Prettify. So the real answer to what you are asking is that no, even if you could easily compare haplogroups, they won’t tell you if your Hargraves men are related in a genealogically relevant timeframe. ISOGG uses yet a third version.